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Abstract

Objectives: To compare the effects of prophylactic ketamine and dexmedetomidine on postoperative bladder catheter-related discomfort/pain in patients undergoing cystoscopy. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 75 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients between 18-75 years of age and undergoing cystoscopy between November 2011 and June 2012 at Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups to receive 1 µ/kg dexmedetomidine, 250 µ/kg intravenous ketamine, or normal saline. All patients were questioned regarding probe-related discomfort, patient satisfaction, and pain at the end of the operation 0 (t 0 ) and 15 (t 1 ), 60 (t 2 ), 120 (t 3 ), and 360 (t 4 ) minutes postoperatively. Evaluations were performed in person at the post-anesthesia care unit, or in ambulatory surgery rooms, or by phone calls. Results: Pain incidence in the dexmedetomidine and ketamine groups ( p =0.042) was significantly lower than that in the control group ( p =0.044). The sedation scores recorded at t 0 in the dexmedetomidine and ketamine groups ( p =0.004) were significantly higher than that of the control group ( p =0.017). Patient groups were similar regarding the rate of hallucinations experienced at t 1 , no patients experienced hallucinations at t 2 , t 3 , or t 4 . Significantly more patients experienced hallucinations at t 0 in the ketamine group than in the dexmedetomidine group ( p =0.034) and the control group ( p =0.005). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and ketamine had similar analgesic effects in preventing catheter-related pain; however, dexmedetomidine had a more acceptable side effect profile. To identify the optimal doses of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, more large-scale interventional studies are needed.

Article Type

Research Article

First Page

55

Last Page

59

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