Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia

Authors

• Shedrack R. Nayebare, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Omar S. Aburizaiza, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Azhar Siddique, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• David O. Carpenter, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Jahan Zeb, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Abdullah J. Aburizaiza, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Cristian Pantea, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Mirza M. Hussain, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
• Haider A. Khwaja, From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Nayebare, Carpenter, Hussain, Khwaja), School of Public Health, Institute for the Health and the Environment (Carpenter), University at Albany, from the Wadsworth Center (Nayebare, Hussain, Khwaja), Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology (Pantea), New York State, the Department of Health, Albany, United States of America, from Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research Unit (Aburizaiza O, Zeb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, School of Medicine (Aburizaiza A), Umm Ul Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (Siddique), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

Abstract

Objectives: To assess cardiopulmonary morbidity associated with daily exposures to PM 2.5 in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We monitored 24-h PM 2.5 and its constituents including black carbon (BC), particulate sulfate (p-SO 4 2– ), nitrate (p-NO 3 – ), ammonium (p-NH 4 + ) and trace elements (TEs) at a site in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia from May to June 2013 with simultaneous collection of hospital data (N=2513). Cardiopulmonary morbidity risk was determined in a generalized linear time-series model. Results: Exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with a 7.6% (p=0.056) increase in risk of respiratory disease (RD) in females. Black carbon increased RD morbidity risk by 68.1% (p=0.056) in females. Exposure to p-SO 4 2– increased the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by up to 5.3% (p=0.048) in males; and RD by 2.9% (p=0.037) in females and 2.5% (p=0.022) in males. The p-NH 4 + increased CVD risk by up to 20.3% (p=0.033) in males; and RD by 10.7% (p=0.014) in females and 8% (p=0.031) in males. No statistically significant association was observed for p-NO 3 – and TEs exposure. Conclusion: Overall, results show an increased risk for cardiopulmonary morbidity following exposure to air pollution.

Article Type

Research Article

First Page

905

Last Page

912

Recommended Citation

Nayebare, Shedrack R.; Aburizaiza, Omar S.; Siddique, Azhar; Carpenter, David O.; Zeb, Jahan; Aburizaiza, Abdullah J.; Pantea, Cristian; Hussain, Mirza M.; and Khwaja, Haider A. (2017) "Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia," Saudi Medical Journal: Vol. 38: Iss. 9, Article 5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.9.18545