National Heart Center – Saudi Health Council Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock Consensus Document

Authors

• Mirvat Alasnag, Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah-Saudi ArabiaFollow
• Abdulrahman Asiri, College of Medicine, King Khaled University, Abha-Saudi Arabia
• Hazim Alrahbi, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• nHatem Aloui, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Ashraf M Anwar, Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia
• Saad Alhassani, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah-Saudi Arabia
• Maryam Mohamed AlQaseer, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
• Ismail Raid Raslan, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Ibrahim AlBakri, Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia
• Ahmed Almustafa, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Rowa Attar, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia
• Faisal Katbi, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam-Saudi Arabia
• Feras Khaleil, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Alyaa Elhazmi, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Adel Tash, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah-Saudi Arabia
• Jehad Alburaiki, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objective: Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with persistently high mortality and significant variability in management across centers. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel convened by the National Heart Center used the GRADE framework to review evidence and develop consensus recommendations tailored to AMI-related CS. Results: The document emphasizes standardized CS definition and staging, prioritizing the SCAI classification. Key components include early recognition, haemodynamic assessment, lactate monitoring, and the central role of echocardiography. Recommendations support rapid culprit-vessel revascularization, early consideration of mechanical circulatory support, and structured Heart Team activation. The document also highlights the need for protocolized care pathways and CS registries. Conclusion: These consensus recommendations provide a unified approach to AMI-related CS aimed at reducing practice variation and improving clinical outcomes.

Article Type

Clinical Practice Guideline

First Page

513

Last Page

529

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Recommended Citation

Alasnag, Mirvat; Asiri, Abdulrahman; Alrahbi, Hazim; Aloui, nHatem; Anwar, Ashraf M; Alhassani, Saad; AlQaseer, Maryam Mohamed; Raslan, Ismail Raid; AlBakri, Ibrahim; Almustafa, Ahmed; Attar, Rowa; Katbi, Faisal; Khaleil, Feras; Elhazmi, Alyaa; Tash, Adel; and Alburaiki, Jehad (2026) "National Heart Center – Saudi Health Council Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock Consensus Document," Saudi Medical Journal: Vol. 47: Iss. 3, Article 14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/1658-3175.1048