Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Authors

• Hasrah Junaidi, Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia AND Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Teuku Umar, Aceh 23617, IndonesiaFollow
• Annis C. Adi, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Soedarsono Soedarsono, Sub-pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, 60111, IndonesiaFollow
• Soetjipto Soetjipto, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Chatarina U. Wahyuni, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Fariani Syahrul, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Mahmudah Mahmudah, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Zakiyuddin Zakiyuddin, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Teuku Umar, Aceh 23617, IndonesiaFollow
• Iskandar Arfan, Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Abdullah A. Mamun, Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaFollow
• Rubia Sari, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cut Nyak Dhien Meulaboh, Aceh 23611, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Objective: To examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Pulmonary tuberculosis continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with disease outcomes determined by complex host–pathogen interactions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, has been implicated in immune regulation and tissue recovery during TB, but its specific role is not fully established. This review aimed to examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary TB. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline following PRISMA guidelines, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Search terms included ``pulmonary tuberculosis,'' ``IL-6,'' ``Immune response,'' and ``Healing.'' Eligible studies were human-based, published in English, and provided full-text access. Data extraction focused on study design, population, IL-6 sample type, and findings related to immune response and healing. Results: Evidence consistently demonstrated IL-6 as a key modulator of TB immunity. IL-6 supports macrophage activation, T-cell differentiation, and granuloma formation, enhancing host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, IL-6 regulates inflammation and promotes tissue repair, contributing to recovery. However, dysregulated or excessive IL-6 activity was linked to heightened inflammation and lung pathology, indicating a dual role in both protection and potential tissue damage. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 is central to immune defense and healing in pulmonary TB, exerting protective effects while requiring precise regulation to prevent pathological outcomes. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms and explore IL-6–targeted strategies for improved TB treatment.

Article Type

Systematic Review

First Page

981

Last Page

991

Recommended Citation

Junaidi, Hasrah; Adi, Annis C.; Soedarsono, Soedarsono; Soetjipto, Soetjipto; Wahyuni, Chatarina U.; Syahrul, Fariani; Mahmudah, Mahmudah; Zakiyuddin, Zakiyuddin; Arfan, Iskandar; Mamun, Abdullah A.; and Sari, Rubia (2026) "Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Saudi Medical Journal: Vol. 47: Iss. 6, Article 2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/1658-3175.8781